• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Apparatus for producing at least one three-dimensional component (71) for the construction industry from a plurality of layers (67) of superposed layers (67) of at least one particulate material (2, 3) solidified in locally predetermined areas and joined together to form at least one three-dimensional component (71), comprising a printing frame (4) on which at least one material application device (5) for coating the at least one particulate material (2, 3) on the printing platform (1) and at least one print head (6) for delivery at least one binder (7) are movably mounted on the locally predetermined areas, wherein the at least one material application device (5) comprises at least one metering roller (35), via which the at least one particulate material (2, 3) on the printing platform (1) can be applied , characterized in that at least one, preferably mechanical, Entnahmevorrichtun g (36, 37) is provided, with which the at least one of the at least one metering roller (35) received particulate material (2, 3) metered the at least one metering roller (35) can be removed.
    公开号:AT521033A4
    申请号:T50295/2018
    申请日:2018-04-10
    公开日:2019-10-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Progress Maschinen & Automation Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
    Such devices are known in the art. The problem often occurs that the at least one particulate material is applied unevenly. In addition, in the case of particulate materials mixed together from different components, there may be segregation of the components at the time of application.
    The object of the present invention is to provide an improved over the prior art apparatus for producing at least one three-dimensional component for the construction industry, which in particular allows a more uniform material application and in which in the case of particulate materials which are mixed together from different components, a segregation the components can be avoided.
    This object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1.
    It is therefore provided according to the invention that the at least one
    Material application device comprises at least one metering roller, via which the at least one particulate material on the printing platform can be applied.
    By using at least one metering roller, the amount of the at least one particulate material which is received by the at least one metering roller can be controlled very precisely. Furthermore, it is possible to store the particle material picked up by the at least one metering roller in a very controlled manner on the printing platform.
    In the case of particulate materials which are mixed together from different components, a segregation of the components is excluded, since the at least one particulate material trickles homogeneously and evenly onto the printing platform or the working plane.
    / 49
    Angular velocity, roll radius and design of the roll surface determine the output quantity of the at least one particle material and thus the layer thickness of the individual layers. The at least one metering roller thus fulfills two functions: it serves as a conveying device about the at least one
    Transporting particulate material from the feed trough to the working level and as a metering device to deploy precisely defined quantities of particulate matter.
    A particularly preferred embodiment is that at least one, preferably mechanical, removal device is provided, with which the at least one of the at least one metering roller received particulate material metered the at least one metering roller can be removed. As a result, the application of the at least one particulate material on the printing platform can be made even more controlled and uniform. In addition, an undesirable adhesion of residual material to the at least one metering roller can be avoided. And finally, any lumps that have formed in the feed trough can be cut.
    Further preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
    Further details and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the description of the figures with reference to the drawings. Show:
    1a) an apparatus for producing at least one three-dimensional component, comprising a suction conveyor in a schematic side view,
    1b) an apparatus for producing at least one three-dimensional component, comprising a suction conveyor in a schematic plan view,
    1c) a suction conveyor in a schematic cross-sectional view,
    2 shows a material switch in a schematic cross-sectional view,
    Fig. 3a) -c) a 6-fold material switch in a schematic rear (Fig. 3a)),
    Side (Fig. 3b)) and front view (Fig. 3c)), / 49
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    Fig
    FIG. 1 shows an energy chain in a schematic perspective view, FIG.
    5a) an apparatus for producing at least one three-dimensional
    Component, comprising a pressure conveyor in a schematic side view,
    5b) an apparatus for producing at least one three-dimensional component, comprising a pressure conveyor in a schematic plan view,
    5c) a pressure conveyor in a schematic cross-sectional view,
    6a) a device for producing at least one three-dimensional
    Component, comprising a screw or spiral conveyor in a schematic side view,
    6b) a device for producing at least one three-dimensional component, comprising a screw or spiral conveyor in a schematic plan view,
    7 a) an apparatus for producing at least one three-dimensional component, comprising a belt conveyor in a schematic side view,
    7b) an apparatus for producing at least one three-dimensional component, comprising a belt conveyor in a schematic plan view,
    8 a) a section of a material application device with a metering roller and an oscillatable removal device in a schematic cross-sectional view,
    8b), c) sections of a material application device with a metering roller and a rotatable removal device in a schematic cross-sectional view,
    8d) shows a section of a material application device with two metering rollers arranged behind one another in a schematic cross-sectional view,
    9a), b) a print head in combination with a material application device and a suction conveyor in a first schematic cross-sectional view and in a second schematic cross-sectional view along the section plane 94,
    10a), b) a printhead in combination with a material application device and a pressure conveyor in a first schematic cross-sectional view / 49
    Fig. 11a)
    Fig. 11b)
    Fig. 11c)
    Fig. 11d)
    Fig. 12a) -c)
    Fig. 12d)
    Fig. 12e), f)
    Figures 13a) -c) and in a second schematic cross-sectional view taken along the cutting plane 95, a printhead in combination with a material applicator comprising a longitudinal divider and a sub-mixing roller, in a schematic cross-sectional view, a printhead in combination with a material applicator comprising two Feed trays, each with a metering roller, in a schematic cross-sectional view, a device formed from the devices shown in Fig. 9a) and Fig. 11 b), a device comprising four print heads and four
    Material application devices, each with a suction conveyor and a metering roller, in a schematic cross-sectional view, a print head in combination with a material application device, comprising a plurality of partitions in the transverse direction, and a suction conveyor in a first schematic cross-sectional view (Figure 12a)), in a second schematic cross-sectional view along the Sectional plane 94 (Figure 12b) and in a schematic plan view (Figure 12c)), a partition with electromagnetic fastening devices in a schematic side view, a partition wall which is adjustable on a tubular guide, in a schematic side view and in a schematic cross-sectional view along the cutting plane 100, and a printhead in combination with a material application device, comprising a plurality of transverse drive-adjustable partitions, and a suction conveyor in a first schematic cross-sectional view (Figure 13a )), in a second schematic cross-sectional view along the cutting plane 94 (Fig. 13b) and in a schematic plan view (FIG. 13c)).
    FIGS. 1a) and b), 5a) and 5b), 6a) and 6b) as well as 7a) and 7b) all each show a device for producing at least one three-dimensional component 71 for the construction industry from a plurality of on a printing platform 1 one above the other / 49 arranged layers 67 (see also, for example, Figure 12b)) of at least one particulate material 2, 3, which are solidified in locally predetermined areas and connected to each other at least one three-dimensional component 71. The device comprises a printing frame 4, on which at least one
    Material application device 5 for layered application of the at least one particulate material 2, 3 are mounted on the printing platform 1 and at least one print head 6 for dispensing at least one binder 7 at the locally predetermined areas movable. There are at least one storage container 8, 9, 72 for storing the at least one particulate material 2, 3 and a conveying device 10 for conveying the at least one particulate material 2, 3 from at least one storage container 8, 9, 72 provided for at least one material application device 5, wherein the Conveying device 10 is formed and connected to the at least one storage container 8, 9, 72 and the at least one material application device 5 that the at least one particulate material 2, 3 in the at least one material application device 5 is continuously conveyed without the movement of at least one material application device 5 least a pressure frame 4 must be interrupted.
    As particulate material, bulk materials of any kind, e.g. Sand, are used. The particulate material may be formed powdered, granular or fibrous.
    As binders, different substances can also be used, such as e.g. Water glasses, phenolic resins in the case of sand. It is also possible to use 2-component binders. In this case, it is considered that an inorganic substance, especially a chloride, is delivered via the printhead and a cooperating powder component, e.g. a metal oxide added to the particulate material.
    The conveying device 10 is preferably designed to mechanically and / or pneumatically convey the at least one particulate material 2, 3.
    The advantages of a pneumatic conveying are that thereby high automation, simple flow branching, low maintenance, high reliability, a flexible design of the / 49
    Conveyance and a low separation of a homogeneously premixed bulk material can be realized.
    In the case of Figures 1a) and 1b), the devices shown comprise a suction conveyor.
    It makes sense to use the principle of suction when a limited production capacity, a promotion over medium-long distances, a promotion easily subsidizable materials and / or a dosage of the materials is needed. The suction conveying is characterized in particular by the advantage that dust release can be substantially completely avoided.
    There are a first and a second reservoir 8, 9 are provided, wherein in the first reservoir 8, a first particulate material 2 and in the second reservoir 9, a second particulate material 3 is stored. It can also be provided only a reservoir or more than two reservoir.
    The conveyor device 10 comprises a material switch 14, via which the particulate material 2, 3 can be conveyed alternately from the two storage containers 8, 9 to the material application device 5.
    The conveying device may comprise a mixing device for mixing a first particulate material 2 from the first reservoir 8 and a second particulate material 3 from the second reservoir 9.
    The delivery device 10 may comprise at least one metering device, preferably at least one rotary valve and / or at least one weight cell, with which the particulate material 2, 3 the metered at least one reservoir 8, 9, 72 can be removed.
    The conveying device 10 is in each case via a feed station 16 with the
    Reservoirs 8, 9 connected. In the event that one at least one
    Metering device is provided, this may be installed in the feed station 16, or cooperate with the same.
    / 49
    The conveying device 10 has a compensating device 32 with which a length of the conveying path which is changed in the course of the printing process can be compensated. In the case shown concretely, the storage containers 8, 9 are connected to the material switch 14 and the material application device 5 via supply lines 12. The supply lines 12 may be tubular or tubular. In order to provide a compensating device, it makes sense to provide a flexible loop or the like in at least one of the provided supply lines 12.
    The printing frame 4 may have a width 33 of several meters, over which the at least one material application device 5 is movable. With such a width a promotion of the particulate material 2, 3 is not possible purely by utilizing gravity. In addition, this delivery principle is unreliable at least for some of the particulate materials 2, 3 to be delivered, for example, the particulate material 2, 3 remains stuck.
    The printing frame 4 can be raised in height, i. be stored in the direction indicated by the reference numeral 20 spatial direction, adjustable. For this purpose, as in the case shown concretely, vertical webs 51 may be provided.
    The particle material 2, 3 conveyed by the conveying device 10 into the material application device 5 reaches a feed trough 48 and from there, for example, via a metering roller 35 to the current working plane 76.
    The material application device 5 can be realized on the pressure frame 4 by both sides arranged stepper motors and bevel gears using the system Ritzer rack. Alternative drives can be realized by toothed belts with pinions, spindles, cables, linear motors and / or robots.
    As indicated in FIG. 1 b), an energy chain 11 may be provided which is connected in a motion-coupled manner to the at least one material application device 5, wherein the delivery device 10 comprises a supply line 12 which is integrated into the at least one energy chain 11. The energy chain 11 is arranged laterally on the printing frame 4 in the example shown concretely. By the / 49
    Integration of the supply line 12 in the energy chain 11 can be saved space.
    Preferably, the conveyor 10 is permanently, and / or, preferably in all spatial directions 18, 19, 20, coupled in a motion-coupled with the material application device 5.
    The reservoir 8, 9 are stationary and arranged at a distance 34 to the printing frame 4. The storage containers 8, 9 can be exchangeable.
    Figure 1c) shows a suction conveyor 27, which can be used in the subject device. A vacuum is generated via an exhaust air line 78, as a result of which particulate material 2, 3 passes via a supply line 12 to a separator 77 arranged in the suction conveyor 27. A filter device 26 ensures that no dust of the particulate material 2, 3 enters the exhaust air. The deposited particulate material 2, 3 is passed through an aperture 101 at a predetermined position, e.g. the material application device 5, delivered.
    Figure 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a material switch 14. Die
    Material switch 14 comprises two feed lines 81, which are e.g. can each be connected via a supply line 12 with a reservoir 8, 9, and on which particulate material 2, 3 can be fed. By way of a deflecting element 80, the particulate material 2, 3 can reach a discharge line 82, wherein the deflecting element 80 can selectively control a forwarding of a particle material 2, 3 arriving from a supply line 81. The deflecting element 80 can be actuated via an actuating element 79. The material switch 14 can also be used in the opposite direction, the supply lines 81 and the discharge line 82 are reversed in their function. Thereby, incoming particulate matter 2, 3 can be separated into two different channels, e.g. are arranged on the one side of the printing frame 4 or on the opposite side of the printing frame 4, forwarded.
    In the figures 3a) to 3c) is another exemplary embodiment of a
    Material switch 15 shown. It is a 6-way material diverter with six supply lines 81 and a discharge 82, or vice versa.
    / 49
    FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of an energy chain 11 which can be used to supply the at least one print head 6 and / or the at least one material application device 5. Bundled cables, hoses, signal lines or the like can be guided via the energy chain 11. The energy chain 11 has a fixed end 102 and a movable end 103, which may be coupled in a motion-coupled manner to the at least one print head 6 and / or the at least one material application device 5. At the movable end 103, as shown in the specific case, a deflection 83 may be arranged.
    The cables, hoses, signal lines od. Like. Can be enclosed by a flexible enclosure 84, which can be stored on a support frame 85.
    The energy chain 11 may have at least one spatially separated sector 13, in which at least one supply line 12 for particulate material 2, 3 can be arranged. This has the advantage that the at least one supply line 12 of the energy chain 11 can be easily removed for maintenance purposes.
    FIGS. 5a) and 5b) show devices for producing at least one three-dimensional component with a conveying device 10, which comprises a pressure conveyor 28. FIG. 5c) shows an exemplary embodiment of a pressure conveyor 28.
    The pressure boosting is characterized in particular by a high conveying capacity, long conveying paths, the possibility of promoting materials which are difficult to convey in other ways, and the possibility of conveying different materials with a conveying device.
    The particulate material 2 is discharged from a reservoir 8 into a feed station 16 and conveyed from there by means of compressed air to a material application device 5. The compressed air needed to carry particulate matter 2 may be provided via a compressor 86.
    It may, as in the case shown concretely, a material switch 14 may be provided, which provides a branch, whereby the material application device 5 can be charged from opposite sides with particulate material 2.
    / 49
    There are a distinction between continuous and discontinuous pressure conveyor 28. In discontinuous pressure conveyors 28 packets of particulate material 2 are promoted. These have the additional advantage that can be dispensed with additional lock units, and that high delivery pressures of up to 6 bar and correspondingly high flow rates can be achieved.
    FIGS. 6 a) and 6 b) show devices for producing at least one three-dimensional component with a conveying device 10, which comprises a screw or spiral conveyor 29.
    Helical and spiral conveyors have the advantage that the energy consumption is low and large particle material densities can be conveyed. In addition, there is no risk of clogging. The effort for drive and maintenance is low. Due to the possibility of precise metering of materials, screw and spiral conveyors are particularly suitable for small printers. Conveyor screws and spirals can be made in a variety of sizes, so that the conveyor can be well adapted to the size of the printer and its material requirements. The conveyance by means of screw conveyors and spiral conveyors has a wide range of uses, ranging from well-flowing bulk materials to difficult-flowing materials.
    The screw or spiral conveyor 29 is pivotally mounted, wherein one end of the screw or spiral conveyor 29 is pivotally connected to a material application device 5. In solid and dashed lines, two positions of the material application device 5 relative to the printing frame 4 are shown by way of example.
    On both sides of the point at which the screw or spiral conveyor 29 is connected to the material application device 5, a bellows 88 may be arranged.
    The other end of the screw or spiral conveyor 29 may be arranged on a lifting platform 87 in order to adjust the worm or spiral conveyor 29 in the spatial direction 20 in accordance with a change of the printing frame 4.
    / 49
    The screw or spiral conveyor 29 can be charged via a suction conveyor 27 with particulate material 2, 3 from storage containers 8, 9. Instead of the suction conveyor 27, other charging devices can be used.
    The connection points of the screw or spiral conveyor 29 with the suction conveyor 27 and the material application device 5 are pivotally mounted transfer stations 31.
    The conveyor 10 is thus at least partially height adjustable and pivotally mounted.
    FIGS. 7 a) and 7 b) show devices for producing at least one three-dimensional component with a conveying device 10, which comprises a belt conveyor 30.
    It makes sense to use belt conveyors in very large printers, where very large masses of raw material must be promoted. Also, a belt conveyor is used for large and heavy particulate materials. Advantages of belt conveyors are high flow rates and speeds with low drive power and gentle bulk transport. Also, a certain dosage is possible, which is completely sufficient for large components.
    The belt conveyor 30 is pivotally mounted and pivotally with a
    Material application device 5 connected. A storage container 72 is provided, of which particulate material 2, 3 can be conveyed by means of the belt conveyor 30 into the material application device 5.
    It can, as in the case shown concretely, a charging device 89 may be provided, via which the reservoir 72 with particulate material 2, 3 can be charged. The charging device 89 may comprise a container 106 movably mounted on a guide 105.
    The belt conveyor 30 comprises a plurality of joints 104, via which the belt conveyor 30 in the spatial directions 19 and 20 is adjustable.
    / 49
    In all the illustrated devices, the conveyor device 10 is substantially completely shielded to the outside, so that the at least one particulate material 2, 3 from at least one reservoir 8, 9, 72 for at least one
    Material application device 5 essentially free of dust is conveyed. For shielding, at least one housing 21, 22 (cf. FIG. 7 a)), 23 (cf., for example, FIG. 1 c)), 24 (compare FIG. 6 b)), an air curtain, an exhaust and / or a filter device 25 (see FIG. 10 a)) can be provided. , 26 (compare, for example, Figure 1c)) may be provided.
    Similarly, other areas of the device may be shielded, such as e.g. the printing platform 1, the printing frame 4 with the at least one material application device 5 and the at least one print head 6, or the entire printer unit.
    The prevention of dust formation is very important for worker protection. In addition, this can reduce the wear of the devices and the entire work area are kept substantially free of contamination. Finally, dust explosions, which can occur with certain materials, can be avoided. On the other hand, the shielding also protects the materials used for the printing process from contamination.
    The at least one enclosure may also be insulated and heated or cooled according to climatic requirements, to ensure an optimum process temperature, which may vary depending on the material.
    If required, the at least one enclosure with quick-release closures at the wall ends is rapidly degradable and rebuilt. The housing elements can be separated from each other. The at least one enclosure can be provided with wheels, over which you can lift the entire enclosure and partially roll away. The enclosure may be provided with at least one door, at least one side viewing window, preferably on each side, and at least one roller shutter. If the printer unit is integrated in a pallet circulation system, two roller doors can be provided. Laterally to the enclosure, a digital, mobile control panel for controlling the printing process / 49 can be arranged. In a side wall, a flat screen can be embedded, which displays the main process parameters and displays the pressure progress.
    Alternatively or in addition to an enclosure, at least one air curtain can be used. In this case, a device generates an air flow, which protects the environment, which is located in front of the air flow, from dust. The air curtain is sucked through in the ground recessed suction and the dust is sent for disposal.
    Figures 8a) to 8d) show sections of material application devices 5, which each comprise at least one metering roller 35, via which the at least one particulate material 2, 3 on the printing platform 1 can be applied.
    In each case, at least one mechanical removal device 36, 37 is provided with which the at least one particulate material 2, 3 received by the at least one metering roller 35 can be removed from the at least one metering roller 35. As a result, the uniformity of the material application in comparison to a metering roller 35 can be further increased without additional removal device.
    The at least one removal device 36, 37 can be mounted rotatably and / or oscillatably. Furthermore, the at least one removal device 36, 37 may be designed to brush, scrape and / or scrape the at least one particle material 2, 3 received by the metering roller 35 from the at least one metering roller 35.
    In the case of the examples shown in FIGS. 8 a) and 8 d), the removal device 36 comprises an oscillatable brushing device, which is particularly suitable for applying a pulverulent particle material 2, 3.
    The speed of the brush 36 is dependent on the angular speed of the metering roller 35, but can also be adjusted freely if required. The brushing has the advantage that the at least one particulate material 2, 3 well mixed, can be brushed out completely from the needles or troughs / 49 and thus targeted and evenly positioned on the working plane. By brushing significantly higher speeds and quantities are achieved when applying the bulk material to solutions without Ausbürsteinrichtung. At the same time there is no segregation or heap formation.
    In the case of the examples shown in FIGS. 8b) and 8c), FIG
    Removal device 37 a rotatable brushing device, wherein the
    Brushing device either in the same direction (see Figure 8b)) or in opposite directions (see Figure 8c)) to the metering roller 35 is rotatable. The in the same direction rotatable removal device 37 is particularly suitable for application of a granular and the oppositely rotatable removal device 37 for applying a fibrous particulate material 2, 3. Especially in the case of a same direction rotatable removal device 37, it is, as shown in Figure 8b), on, a material deflection 47 to provide in the metering roller 35. As a result, the particle material taken from the metering roller 35 can be applied selectively to the printing platform 1.
    The at least one metering roller 35 may be hollow at least in regions, which is advantageous in relation to an exchange of a first metering roller 35 with a second metering roller 35, which compared to the first metering roller 35 changed properties with respect to the meterability of the processed particle material 2, 3, is. Alternatively or additionally, the replacement of the metering roller 35, as in the cases shown, by the provision of a guide 75 can be simplified.
    The at least one metering roller 35 may, as in the illustrated cases, be a substantially circular or polygonal, e.g. 16-angular, cross-section.
    The at least one metering roller 35 may comprise a series of, preferably periodically arranged, recesses 38 in which the at least one particulate material 2, 3 can be arranged, and / or a, preferably periodically, structured surface 39.
    / 49
    The shape of the roller surface 39 may have different forms. The surface 39 may consist of glued needle mats with straight or oblique needles and / or glued or welded or milled knobs of any shape and size or welded or milled blades of any shape and size. Another possibility for surface design is the milling of holes, hollows and slits.
    In the cases shown concretely, the at least one metering roller 35 is at least partially formed as a needle roller, wherein the at least one metering roller 35 has at least one exchangeable needle band. The latter has the advantage that a first needle band with first properties can be replaced relatively easily and inexpensively by a second needle band having second properties deviating from the first properties. In addition, the first needle band in the event of wear and tear, which affect the functioning of the metering roller 35, be replaced by a new unused first needle tape. These operations can be carried out on site without the metering roller 35 having to be transported to the manufacturer.
    The needles themselves may consist of a metal or plastic. The distance between the needles to each other is determined by the maximum grain size and the grain distribution of the bulk material. The needle length together with the angular velocity and the radius of the at least one metering roller 35 is an important parameter for the application quantity of particulate material. The needles can be mounted perpendicular to the respective tangent of the circular surface or slightly inclined to the tangent.
    A drive device 40 is provided, via which the at least one metering roller 35 can be driven (compare, for example, also FIG. 12b)), preferably with an adjustable angular speed 41. By changing the magnitude of the angular speed 41, the layer thickness 107 of the layer 67 can be adjusted.
    Furthermore, two end-side storage devices 42 are provided, on which the at least one metering roller 35, preferably interchangeable, is rotatably mounted (compare, for example, also FIG. 9b)). In this case, as in the illustrated cases according to FIGS. 8a), 8b) and 8c), a distance 43 of the at least one metering roller 35 to the working plane 76 can be adjustable.
    In the illustrated cases according to FIGS. 8a), 8b) and 8c), in each case one roller-shaped cleaning device 44 is provided for cleaning the metering roller 35, wherein the cleaning device 44 is arranged opposite the removal device 36, 37. Remains of the particulate material 2, 3 received by the metering roller 35 can be removed with the aid of this cleaning device 44.
    Furthermore, in the cases shown in FIGS. 8a), 8b) and 8c), a stripping device 46, which is adjustable at a distance 45 from the metering roller 35, is provided for metering the amount of particulate material 2, 3 received by the metering roller 35.
    The material application device 5 comprises a dispensing trough 48, from which the at least one particle material 2, 3 is dispensed onto the at least one metering roller 35, wherein the at least one metering roller 35 is arranged below the feed trough 48 in the position of use.
    At least one crushing roller 49 (compare, for example, Figure 8a)) and / or sub-mixing roller 50 (see, e.g., Figure 11a) may be disposed in the feed tray 48. By means of such measures, the material supplied to the at least one metering roller 35 can be processed in a targeted manner, e.g. be homogenized.
    Crushing rollers 49 are also referred to as "bridge crushing rollers", as these rollers prevent bridging of the particulate material 2, 3 in the feed tray 48 and thus contribute to the fact that the particulate material 2, 3 is conveyed evenly to the metering roller 35 and no voids in the particulate material 2, 3, which is stored as a supply in the task tray 48 occur.
    Alternatively or supplementary measures to prevent bridging in the particulate material 2, 3 may consist in that vibration-related Austragshilfen (eg vibration pads) and / or fluidizing the particulate material 2, 3 via air loosening nozzles or Luftauflockerungsspots, which consist of highly porous sintered metal from which compressed air can emerge, are used. Es / 49 offers to use these discharge aids everywhere, where one
    Bridge crashing roller 49 can not be used, e.g. by a Austragshilfen it is possible, the particulate material 2, 3 even from narrow sections 17, which are formed by the partition walls 56, applied to the metering roller 35 without bridging.
    The at least one metering roller 35 can be provided with a downstream doctor 90, with which the layer thickness 107 of the layer 67 applied by the at least one metering roller 35 on the current working plane 76 can be changed slightly. In addition, can be smoothed by the squeegee 90, the surface of the layer 67 and / or cause a compression of the layer 67.
    In the region of the at least one metering roller 35, at least one, preferably several, suction device may be provided for dust forming during the application of the at least one particle material 2, 3.
    FIG. 8 d) shows a section of a material application device 5 with two metering rollers 35 arranged one behind the other.
    With the aid of such an arrangement, the amount of a particle material 2 or 3 which can be applied to the printing platform 1 in one pass can be doubled.
    Alternatively, two different particle materials 2 and 3 can be applied. For this purpose, it is advisable to subdivide the dispensing trough 48, as indicated by a dashed line, by a dividing wall 73, which is aligned substantially parallel to the first spatial direction 18, into two spatially separated sections 74, wherein in a first section 74 a first particulate material 2 and in a second section 74, a second particulate material 3 is arranged. The first particulate material 2 arranged in the first section 74 can be fed to a first metering roller 35 and the second particulate material 2 arranged in the second section 74 can be fed to a second metering roller 35.
    / 49
    The two metering rollers may be arranged one behind the other and / or in height (see, for example, Figure 11a)), as shown in Figure 8d).
    Figures 9a) and 9b) show a print head 6 in combination with a
    Material application device 5 and a suction conveyor 27th
    The material application device 5 is formed in the region of the metering roller 35 as shown in FIG. 8 a).
    The material application device 5 is movably mounted on the printing frame 4 at least in a first spatial direction 18, wherein the at least one conveying device 10 comprises at least one distributor in the form of a suction conveyor 27, which is mounted movably on the material application device 5, at least transversely to the first spatial direction 18 Spatial direction 19 (compare also the double arrow shown in FIG. 9b). In the specific case, a drive 53 is provided for adjusting the distributor 27 relative to the material application device 5. Due to the fact that the suction conveyor 27 is movably mounted relative to the material application device 5, the particle material 2, 3 conveyed by the conveying device 10 into the material application device 5 can be located at different positions of the
    Material application device 5, or if the material application device 5 comprises a dispensing trough 48 are deposited at different positions of the feed trough 48.
    The suction conveyor 27 is connected to a supply line 12, via which the at least one particulate material 2, 3 is supplied, and an exhaust air line 78. These lines 12, 78 are integrated into an energy chain 11.
    In the material application device 5 shown in FIGS. 10a) and 10b), particulate material 2, 3 is supplied via a pressure conveyor.
    The particulate material 2, 3 passes through injection pipes 91, which on
    Supply lines 12 are connected and to which injection openings 93 are arranged, in a feed trough 48. Furthermore, an exhaust filter 25 and an exhaust air line 92 are provided. At the injection pipes 91 baffles 109/49 may be arranged with which the flow can be slowed down and directed in a desired direction targeted.
    The supply of the hopper 48 on both sides has the advantage that it is filled evenly. This reduces the material distribution effort in the feed trough 48.
    The material application device 5 is in turn formed in the region of the metering roller 35 as shown in FIG. 8 a).
    The material application device 5 may alternatively, both as shown in Figures 9a) and 9b) suction conveyance as well as what the in Figures 10a) and 10b) shown pressure promotion in the metering roller 35 as shown in Figures 8b), 8c) or 8d). be formed represented. In the case of an embodiment according to FIG. 8b) and using the principle of suction conveying, two suction conveyors 27 (with dividing wall 73) or one suction conveyor 27 (without dividing wall 73) can be used depending on whether a dividing wall 73 is provided or not.
    FIG. 11 a) shows a print head 6 in combination with a material application device 5, comprising a partition wall 73 in the longitudinal direction 19, that is to say transversely to the spatial direction 18, and a sub-mixing roller 50.
    The dividing wall 73 divides the feed trough 48 into two sections 74, which are each filled with a particle material 2, 3 via a separate suction conveyor 27. In other words, a delivery device 10 is provided, with which at least one first particle material 2 in a first section 74 and at least one second particle material 3 in a second section 74 of the delivery trough 48 can be deposited.
    In a region in which the partition wall 73 ends and the two sections 74 reunite, the sub-mixing roller 50 is arranged, whereby a mixing of the particle materials 2, 3 takes place. The sub-mixing roller 50 can be compared with the metering roller 35 e.g. be rotated in opposite directions. With this arrangement, therefore, a 2-component spreader can be realized.
    / 49
    FIG. 11b) shows a print head 6 in combination with a material application device 5, comprising two feed trays 48 each having a metering roller 35. A first particulate material 3, e.g. a powder component, and into the other feed tray 48 a second particulate material 2, e.g. a fiber component, to be deposited. The particulate materials 2 and 3 mix on the working plane 76 with each other. In this way, for example, a powder fiber spreader can be realized.
    Figure 11c) shows a device formed from the devices shown in Figures 9a) and 11b). This device can be used, for example, as a combination distributor composed of a powder spreader and a powder fiber spreader.
    FIG. 11d) shows an apparatus comprising four printing heads 6 and four material application devices 5 each having a suction conveyor 27 and a metering roller 35. This device can be dispensed with as a combination of double spreaders and represents a kind of line finisher.
    FIGS. 11a) to d) illustrate, by way of example, that the subject device for producing at least one three-dimensional component 71 for the construction industry can be put together according to a modular principle that meets the requirements of the end user.
    Figures 12a) to c) and 13a) to c) show material application devices 5 for the layered application of at least one particulate material 2, 3 on a printing platform 1 for devices for producing at least one three-dimensional component 71 for the construction industry from a plurality of on the printing platform. 1 superimposed layers 67 of the at least one particulate material 2, 3 solidified in locally predetermined areas and connected to each other to at least one three-dimensional component 71, the devices comprising a printing frame 4, on which the material application device 5 and at least one print head 6 for delivery at least one binding agent 7 are movably mounted at the locally predetermined regions at least in a first spatial direction 18.
    / 49
    The material application devices 5 each comprise an application trough 48, in which the at least one particle material 2, 3 can be temporarily stored and from which the at least one particle material 2, 3 can be applied to the printing platform 1. In the dispensing trough 48, at least one partition wall 54, 55, 56 is arranged for subdividing the dispensing trough 48 into sections 17 which are spatially separated, wherein the at least one partition wall 54, 55, 56 is adjustable at least transversely to the first spatial direction 18.
    The adjustability of the at least one partition wall 54, 55, 56 provides the
    A prerequisite for providing at least two partitions 54, 55, 56 which can be adjusted transversely to the first spatial direction 18, the distance 66 of the two partitions 54, 55, 56 being adjustable to the width 65 of the printing platform 1, and / or adjustable partitions 54, 55, Provide 56 over which the spread 52 of the at least one metering roller 35 is adjustable. This has the advantages that you can reduce the size of the space (for example, only half Baubox), or that you can print the space with at least 2 different materials.
    In the case of the material application devices 5 shown in FIGS. 12 a) to c) and 13 a) to c), the application trough 48 is mounted so as to be adjustable transversely to the first spatial direction 18. For this purpose, guides 62, along which the dispensing trough 48 can be adjusted, can be provided, as in the cases specifically shown. Furthermore, at least one drive 63 is provided for adjusting the charging trough 48.
    As a result of the adjustability of the charging trough 48, the position at which a specific particle material 2, 3 is applied from a specific section 17 of the charging trough 48 to the printing platform 1 or the current working plane 76 can be changed.
    The dispensing trough 48 in each case has a width 64 that is greater than the width 65 of the printing platform 1. By this measure, it is more easily possible, especially particulate materials 2, 3, which are arranged in sections 17 in the edge regions of the hopper 48, to move back into the region of the metering roller 35.
    / 49
    There is a respective conveyor 10 is provided, which in such a way with the
    Material application device 5 is connected, that the at least one particulate material 2, 3 at different positions of the material application device 5, more precisely, the spatially separated sections 17, can be deposited.
    The conveyor device 10 comprises at least one distributor 27, which is mounted movably on the material application device 5 at least transversely to the first spatial direction 18, a drive 53 being provided for adjusting the at least one distributor 27 relative to the material application device 5.
    In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 12 a) to c), partitions 54 are provided, which are oriented essentially normal to the first spatial direction 18. The partition walls 54 may be flexibly installed at desired positions of the hopper 48 prior to a printing operation to be performed.
    For this purpose, as indicated in FIG. 12d), e.g. electromagnetic
    Fastening devices 57 are provided, via which the partitions 54 at different positions on at least one feed trough 48 are releasably fastened.
    Alternatively, as shown in Figures 12e) and f), e.g. Also partitions 55 are used, which are adjustably and detachably fastened to a tubular guide 58.
    As can be seen particularly clearly from the plan view of FIG. 12c), in which an exemplary print image 108 is shown on the working plane 76, it is possible to arrange different particle materials 2, 3, which are arranged in spatially separated sections 17 in the feed tray 48, next to one another Apply via a metering roller 35 on the printing platform 1. The widths 68 of the bands 69, 70 of the particulate materials 2, 3 are separated by an adjustment of the partitions 54, 55 transversely to the first spatial direction 18, i. in the spatial direction 19, set before printing.
    / 49
    By adjusting the feeding tray 48, the position or position of the belts 69, 70 within the layer 67, or in other words to the edges of the layer 67, can be changed during the printing process. This results in an offset 96 in the spatial direction 19 (see the enlarged exemplary representation of the printed image 108 from the boundary region between the bands 69 and 70). A predetermined curve 97 can therefore be traced as a function of control technology. However, the particle materials 2, 3 are theoretically staggered by the metering roller 35, since the partitions 54 and the axis of the metering roller 35 are at right angles. The achieved accuracy in the scattering of the particulate materials 2, 3 will be sufficient in most cases. With this device, curved multilayer components with constant layer thicknesses can be produced.
    In comparison to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 12 a) to c), the embodiment shown in FIGS. 13 a) to c) can use partition walls 56, which are adjustable transversely to the spatial direction 18 via drives 59. This makes it possible to adjust the partition walls 56 during the printing process and thus to change the widths 68 of the belts 69, 70 during the printing process (see FIG. 13c)). Thus, components with different or variable layer thicknesses can be produced with this device.
    In addition, the partitions 56 can be brought into an inclined position relative to the first spatial direction 18, wherein joints 60, 61 are provided, via which the partitions 56 are connected to the dispensing trough 48 (see FIG. 13a)). Specifically, on the one hand at the attachment points in the corners joints 60 and on the other hand in the middle of a normal force joint 61, which extends over the entire cross section of the partition wall 56 is provided. By the reference numeral 98 guides are designated, which serve for length compensation in inclined position of the partition 56.
    As can be seen from FIG. 13c), the inclined position of the partitions 56 allows the print image 108 to be optimized in such a way that a predetermined curve function 97 is approximated by the partitions 56 in the form of tangents 99. As a result of this, the steps to be seen in FIG. 12 c) can be substantially avoided or significantly reduced.
    With the devices described above, it is possible to carry out a method for producing at least one three-dimensional component 71 for the construction industry, wherein successively layers 67 of at least one particulate material 2, 3 are stacked on a printing platform 1, solidified in locally predetermined areas and at least a three-dimensional component 71 are connected, wherein at least a first particulate material 2 and a second particulate material 3 are simultaneously arranged side by side in a layer 67 on the printing platform 1.
    A great advantage of this method is that it allows the production of graded components. Graded components are understood to mean components which have a continuous property change in cross section. The material composition is adapted to the local requirements, which allows a higher material efficiency.
    In this case, provision may be made for the width 68 and / or the position of a band 69, 70 formed of the first and / or second particle material 2, 3 within a layer 67 to be variable, preferably during the printing process.
    Finally, it should be pointed out that the device for producing at least one three-dimensional component 71 for the construction industry can comprise at least one control device. This can e.g. for controlling the conveyance of the at least one particulate material 2, 3 from the at least one storage container 8, 9, 72 to the at least one material application device 5 by means of the conveyor 10, for adjusting the at least one partition 56, and / or for controlling the movement of the at least one metering roller 35 and the movement of an optionally provided removal device 36, 37 are used.
    In the case of controlling the conveying of the at least one particulate material 2, 3, the conveying device can CAD / CAM-controlled transferred the geometric data of the manufactured three-dimensional component 71 in a control program / 49 and the correct amount of particulate material 2, 3 with high accuracy in a defined Bring area of the hopper 48. The controller determines the individual volume requirement of particulate material 2, 3 of the respective element, converts it into weight units and compares this value with the material discharge, which is measured, for example, via a change in weight of the loading tub 48. For this purpose, the dispensing trough 48 can be mounted on weight measuring cans and continuously report the current container contents to the control.
    In the case of controlling the adjustment of the at least one partition wall 56, it is possible for the control unit to be selected from a 3D model via e.g. an AMF file extracts the necessary data and makes it possible, in interaction with the conveying device, to deposit particulate matter 2, 3 at a defined location and in an amount previously defined by the AMF file. An AMF file is an XML-based format developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials. In addition to the model geometry, this format can also contain information about the color and type of material of the object to be printed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    claims:
    Anspruch [en] A device for producing at least one three-dimensional component (71) for the construction industry from a plurality of layers (67) arranged one above the other on a printing platform (1) consisting of at least one particulate material (2, 3) solidified in locally predetermined areas and joined together at least one three-dimensional component (71), comprising a printing frame (4) on which at least one material application device (5) for coating the at least one particulate material (2, 3) on the printing platform (1) and at least one print head (6) for the delivery of at least one binder (7) are movably mounted at the locally predetermined areas, characterized in that the at least one material application device (5) at least one metering roller (35) via which the at least one particulate material (2, 3) on the printing platform (1) is orderable.
    [2]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one, preferably mechanical, removal device (36, 37) is provided, with which the at least one of the at least one metering roller (35) received particulate material (2, 3) doses the at least one metering roller (35 ) is removable.
    [3]
    3. Device according to claim 2, wherein the at least one removal device (36, 37) is rotatably and / or oscillatably mounted.
    [4]
    4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the at least one removal device (36, 37) is adapted to brush the at least one of the metering roller (35) received particulate material (2, 3) of the at least one metering roller (35), to scratch and / or scrape.
    [5]
    5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one metering roller (35).
    27/49
    - A series of, preferably periodically arranged recesses (38), in which the at least one particulate material (2, 3) can be arranged, and / or
    - has a, preferably periodically, structured surface (39), and / or
    - Is at least partially formed as a needle roller, preferably wherein the at least one metering roller (35) has at least one exchangeable needle tape.
    [6]
    6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one metering roller (35) is at least partially hollow in the interior, and / or has a substantially circular or polygonal cross-section.
    [7]
    7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one drive device (40) is provided, via which the at least one metering roller (35) is drivable, preferably with an adjustable angular velocity (41).
    [8]
    8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least one bearing device (42) is provided, on which the at least one metering roller (35), preferably replaceable, is rotatably mounted, preferably wherein a distance (43) of the at least one metering roller ( 35) is adjustable to a working plane (76).
    [9]
    9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one, preferably roller-shaped, cleaning device (44) for cleaning the at least one metering roller (35) is provided, preferably wherein the at least one cleaning device (44) of an optionally provided removal device (36, 37) is arranged opposite one another.
    [10]
    10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one, preferably at a distance (45) to at least one metering roller (35) adjustable stripping device (46) for metering the amount of the
    28/49 at least one metering roller (35) received particulate material (2, 3), and / or at least one in the region of the at least one metering roller (35) arranged Materialablenkvorrichtung (47) is provided.
    [11]
    11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein in the region of the at least one metering roller (35) at least one, preferably more, suction device is provided for in the application of the at least one particulate material (2, 3) forming dust.
    [12]
    12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the at least one material application device (5) comprises at least one dispensing trough (48), from which the at least one particulate material (2, 3) is discharged to the at least one metering roller (35), preferably wherein the at least one metering roller (35) is arranged in the use position below the at least one feed trough (48).
    [13]
    13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein
    - In at least one feed trough (48) at least one crushing roller (49) and / or sub-mixing roller (50) is arranged, and / or
    - The at least one dispensing trough (48) comprises a plurality of spatially separate sections (17, 74) in which different particulate materials (2, 3) can be arranged, wherein the different particulate materials (2, 3) side by side over the at least one metering roller (35) on the printing platform (1) are applicable, and / or
    - The at least one dispensing trough (48) adjustable partitions (54, 55,
    56), via which the spreading width (52) of the at least one metering roller (35) is adjustable.
    [14]
    14. The device according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the at least one material application device (5) at least two successively and / or height offset from each other arranged metering rollers (35).
    [15]
    15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein a control device for controlling the movement of the at least one
    29/49
    Dosing roller (35) and the movement of an optionally provided removal device (36, 37) is provided.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3774246A1|2021-02-17|
    WO2019197088A1|2019-10-17|
    EP3774246B1|2021-08-18|
    AT521033B1|2019-10-15|
    DK3774246T3|2021-11-08|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50295/2018A|AT521033B1|2018-04-10|2018-04-10|Device for producing at least one three-dimensional component for the construction industry|ATA50295/2018A| AT521033B1|2018-04-10|2018-04-10|Device for producing at least one three-dimensional component for the construction industry|
    PCT/EP2019/055889| WO2019197088A1|2018-04-10|2019-03-08|Device for producing at least one three-dimensional component for the construction industry|
    EP19709721.5A| EP3774246B1|2018-04-10|2019-03-08|Device for producing at least one three-dimensional component for the construction industry|
    DK19709721.5T| DK3774246T3|2018-04-10|2019-03-08|APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AT LEAST A THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPONENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY|
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